Indeed, by the time of the Temple destruction, which set in motion the separation of "the Jews" from "Christians," Paul was dead. That is why it is absurd to imagine that he himself caused the separation. Any imagined echo in his multifaceted writing of a distinction between "the Church" and "the Synagogue" resounds anachronistically from a future that did not yet exist—a fully ruptured Israel of which Paul knew nothing.
— James Carroll